不同土地利用类型下土壤碳酸酐酶剖面分异特征研究     

何媛媛  李强  曹建华  梁建宏  朱敏洁 《中国岩溶》2013,32(4):365-370

利用pH计法来研究西南岩溶区4类土地利用类型11个样地20cm、40cm和60cm土层碳酸酐酶(Carbonic Anhydrase,CA)的剖面分异特征,并与非岩溶样地进行对比。结果表明:西南岩溶区不同土地利用类型不同土层的CA活性存在较大差异。在林地中,40cm和60cm土层的CA活性明显高于20cm土层;而在乔灌丛、灌丛和耕地中,土壤CA活性表现出60cm土层处最高,20cm土层处最低,并与弃耕地不同土壤层CA活性变化趋势截然相反,这是因为弃耕地受人类活动干扰导致土壤CA活性出现逆转。进一步分析还可以看出林地、乔灌丛、灌丛和耕地4种土地利用类型下土壤CA活性总体呈现出随植物根系深度增加而增加的变化趋势,从而说明土地利用类型是导致土壤碳酸酐酶剖面产生分异的主要因素,并为进一步研究土壤CA在自然界碳酸盐岩风化过程中的作用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

成矿环境中的高密度碳质流体:以阿尔泰南缘为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐九华  丁汝福  林龙华  褚海霞  王琳琳  卫晓峰 《地学前缘》2010,17(1):202

碳质流体(CO2-CH4-N2体系流体)常见于地幔橄榄岩和下地壳麻粒岩中。近期研究表明,阿尔泰南缘晚古生代成矿环境中的碳质流体极为丰富,不仅在造山型金矿中赋存大量与成矿有关的碳质流体,而且在VMS型矿床中也存在同造山期的变质碳质流体。由共生的富CO2包裹体(LCO2-LH2O型)和H2O-CO2包裹体(LH2O-LCO2型)的均一温度推测,造山型金矿的碳质流体捕获温度大于254～394.5℃,压力大于150～320MPa;VMS矿床的变质碳质流体捕获温度大于209～430℃,压力大于180～300MPa,两者具相似的捕获温度压力条件。碳质流体的捕获温度压力条件与变质相带相平衡计算的变质温度、压力范围相当。碳质流体源于区域变质作用,并参与了与造山型金矿有关的构造-变质-流体-成矿作用和对VMS型矿床的变质改造作用。  相似文献   

The reliability of the thermodynamic constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater     

Kitack Lee  Frank J. Millero  Douglas M. Campbell 《Marine Chemistry》1996,55(3-4)

Laboratory measurements of all four CO₂ parameters [f_CO2 ( = fugacity of CO₂), pH, TCO₂ ( = total dissolved inorganic carbon), and TA ( = total alkalinity)] were made on the same sample of Gulf Stream seawater (S = 35) as a function of temperature (5–35 °C) and the ratio of TA/TCO₂ (X) (1.0–1.2). Overall the measurements were consistent to ±8 μ atm in f_CO2, ± 0.004 in pH, ± 3 μ mol kg⁻¹ in TCO₂, and ± 3 μ mol kg⁻¹ in TA with the thermodynamic constants of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). Deviations between the measured pH, TCO₂, TA and those calculated from various input combinations increase with increasing X when the same constants are used. This trend in the deviations indicates that the uncertainties in pK₂ become important with increasing X (surface waters), but are negligible for samples with the lower X (deep waters). This trend is < 5 μ mol kg⁻¹ when the pK₂ values of Lee and Millero (1995) are used.The overall probable error of the calculated f_CO2 due to uncertainties in the accuracy of the parameters (pH, TCO₂, TA, pK₀, pk₁, and pK₂) is ± 1.2%, which is similar to the differences between the measured values and those calculated using the thermodynamic constants of Millero (1995).The calculated values of pK₁, (from f_CO2-TCO₂-TA) agree to within ± 0.004 compared to the results of Dickson and Millero (1987), Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995) over the same experimental conditions. The calculated values of pK₂ (from pH-TCO₂-TA) are in good agreement (± 0.004) with the results of Lee and Millero (1995) and also in reasonable agreement (± 0.008) with the results of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). The salinity dependence of our derived values of pK₁ and pK₂, (S = 35) can be estimated using the equations determined by Millero (1995).  相似文献   

硅藻碳酸酐酶对石灰岩岩溶的作用及其生态意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王倩  支崇远 《上海国土资源》2007,(4):25-27

碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CA)是一种广泛存在的金属酶,催化CO2的水合反应。硅藻分泌的碳酸酐酶能促进石灰岩的溶蚀。对硅藻碳酸酐酶在石灰岩岩溶中的作用进行了探讨。结果表明,硅藻碳酸酐酶在生物岩溶中具有重要的作用和地位,同时为深入研究生物对石灰岩的溶蚀作用提供了一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

集宁群和迁西群麻粒岩相变质流体的特征和成因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

卢良兆  董永胜  周喜文 《岩石矿物学杂志》2002,21(4):387-397

矿物中流体包裹体研究和脱水反应热力学计算结果表明，集宁群和迁西群麻粒岩相变质峰期流体均富碳质,x(CO2 CH4)一般为70%-80%，x(H2O)≈10%-20%，密度一般为1.0-1.1g/cm^3。集宁群中变质流体的成分和H2O活度在空间上分布不均匀，明显受岩性控制。富铝片麻岩、黑云紫苏片麻岩和基性麻粒岩中αH2O值分别为0.10-0.20、0.20-0.40和0.40-0.60，表明其非外源成因，未曾在岩石中均匀渗透，而可能与进变质过程原岩中普遍存在的有机质氧化和各种脱挥发分反应有关，其富碳质还与H2O相对易于逸散有关。迁西群变质峰期流体成分在空间上分布均匀，不受岩性控制，在玉平寨等地区上述3类岩石中αH2O值主要都在0.13-0.25之间，XH2O为0.1-0.2，反映流体似为外源成因，并确曾在岩石中均匀渗透。本区存在幔源基性岩浆底侵的地质条件，这种富碳质流体可能与它们结晶时析出的CO2流上升有关。  相似文献   

Role of Carbonic Anhydrase as an Activator in Carbonate Rock Dissolution and Its Implication for Atmospheric CO_2 Sink   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

LIU ZaihuaKarst Dynamics Laboratory of MLR  Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Qixing Ro  Guilin 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(3):275-278

The conversion of CO2 into H+ and is a relatively slow reaction. Hence, its kinetics may be rate determiningin carbonate rock dissolution. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is widespread in nature, was used to catalyze the CO2 conversion process in dissolution experiments of limestone and dolomite. It was found that the rate of dissolution increases by a factor of about 10 after the addition of CA at a high CO2 partial pressure (Pco2) for limestone and about 3 at low Pcoj for dolomite. This shows that reappraisal is necessary for the importance of chemical weathering (including carbonate rock dissolution and silicate weathering) in the atmospheric CO2 sink and the mysterious missing sink in carbon cycling. It is doubtless that previous studies of weathering underestimated weathering rates due to the ignorance of CA as an activator in weathering, thus the contribution of weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink is also underestimated. This finding also shows the need to examine the situ distribution and activ  相似文献   

长牡蛎nacrein 基因的克隆、结构及进化分析     

宋小瑞  王晓通  李莉  张国范 《海洋科学》2015,39(10):85-93

首次在长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)中克隆得到一种新的贝壳基质蛋白nacrein-like protein F3的全长c DNA序列。nacrein-like protein F3基因c DNA全长1499bp,其中编码区长度为1242bp,编码一条含413个氨基酸残基的多肽链。氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均表明其为合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)nacrein的同源蛋白,含有1个保守的α-碳酸酐酶结构域,但由于重复结构域的插入,α-碳酸酐酶结构域被间隔成2个亚结构域。系统进化分析显示nacrein-like protein F3与贻贝(Mytilus californianus)nacrein-like protein进化关系最近。此外,在软体动物中,双壳纲nacrein-like proteins进化速度相对较快,推测与寒武纪时期剧烈的环境变化有关,如影响贝壳形成的海水化学变化。  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry of the natural low pH groundwater in the coastal aquifers near Beihai,China     

Zhou  Xun  Shen  Ye  Zhang  Hua  Song  Chao  Li  Jingwei  Liu  Yan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):475-483

Natural weak acidic groundwater occurs in the unconfined and confined aquifers consisting of Quaternary and Neogene unconsolidated sediments near Beihai in southern Guangxi, China. Under natural conditions the groundwater has low TDS(less than 200 mg L-1) and low concentrations of trace elements(less than 100 μg L-1) with a deceasing tend in contents of the Lanthanides(rare earth elements, less than 1 μg L-1) towards higher atomic number. The groundwater ranges in p H from 3.33 to 7.0 with an average value of 5.12(even lower than that of local rainwater, 5.88). p H values in the groundwater are a bit higher in rainy seasons than those in dry seasons and do not show significant increasing or decreasing trend with time. The average p H value in groundwater in the confined aquifers is even a bit lower than that in the unconfined aquifer. Comprehensive analyses of the groundwater environment suggest that H+ in the groundwater may be derived from dissociation of H2CO3, release of the absorbed H3O+ in clay layers and the acidity of rainwater. The H2CO3 in the groundwater may be formed by dissolution of CO2(g). Minerals in the unconsolidated sediment are predominated by quartz with small amount of clay minerals. The sediments undergoing a long-term weathering contain low levels of soluble constitutes. Lack of alkaline substances in the groundwater system is also helpful in the accumulation of acidity of the groundwater.  相似文献   

流域不同地质生态环境中水体碳酸酐酶活性特征——以桂江流域为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

申泰铭  李为  张强  张阳  张红辉  余龙江 《中国岩溶》2012,31(4):409-414

在对桂江流域进行考察时,选取了流域地质类型不同、人类活动程度不一的6条支流以及干流的水体为研究对象,研究比较了流域不同生态环境下水体中的碳酸酐酶(CA)活性、游离CO2浓度和HCO3-浓度,并对比了流域内部分区域的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,获得如下结果:(1)证实水体中具有CA活性,且其活性与游离CO2浓度呈负相关,与HCO3-浓度呈正相关;(2)大量的人类活动加剧流域生态环境恶化,造成植被覆盖率降低,使河流水体中的CA活性降低,HCO3-浓度降低,表明CA对岩溶作用具有不可忽视的影响;(3)流域地质类型会影响水体中CA活性,在人类活动程度相似的情况下,岩溶区水体中的CA活性高于非岩溶区。总之,在进行流域碳汇潜力调查研究时,必须综合考虑人类活动、生态环境和地质类型等因素的影响,进行科学分段调查研究与计算。CA所引起的生物岩溶作用不容忽视,其对流域碳汇的潜在贡献值得深入研究。   相似文献   

盐藻的一种盐诱导碳酸酐酶基因转录起始点的确定及表达载体的构建     

柴玉荣  侯卫红  王天云  王宁  袁保梅  王建民  薛乐勋 《海洋科学》2005,29(4):26-30

采用5′RACE和巢式PCR的方法确定盐藻(Dunaliella salina)一种盐诱导碳酸酐酶基因的转录起始位点,通过序列分析得出转录起始位点为A,从而确定核心启动子及上游调控区的位置。应用巢式PCR技术分别扩增盐藻这种碳酸酐酶基因上游调控区的2个片段,长度大约分别为0．8和1．2kb,序列经测定无误后分别与带β-葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)报告基因的载体相连接,经酶切鉴定这两种表达载体构建正确。用基因枪法将这两个载体导入盐藻细胞中,经染色检测,GUS基因在转化藻株中得到瞬时表达。  相似文献